您应该将第一篇帖子的ID保存在一个变量中（例如$splash\\u post\\u ID），并在下一个循环中使用"post__not_in" => $splash_post_id , 在$args 大堆

$args = array(
    \'post_type\' => \'post\',
    \'posts_per_page\' => \'1\',
    \'order_by\' => \'date\',
    \'order\' => \'DESC\',
    \'tax_query\' => array(
        array(
            \'taxonomy\' => \'theme\',
            \'field\' => \'slug\',
            \'terms\' => array (\'text-image\', \'just-image\', \'just-text\')
        )
    )
);

$query = new WP_Query( $args );
if (have_posts()) :
    while( $query->have_posts() ) :
        $query->the_post();
        $splash_post_id = get_the_ID();
          .......
          .......
    endwhile; 
endif;

$args = array(
     \'post__not_in\' => array($splash_post_id),
    \'post_type\' => \'post\',
    \'posts_per_page\' => \'10\',
    \'order_by\' => \'date\',
    \'order\' => \'DESC\',
);

$query = new WP_Query( $args );
if (have_posts()) :
    while( $query->have_posts() ) :
        $query->the_post();

          .......
          .......
    endwhile; 
endif;