模板层次结构的类别存档分支仅对实际查询的类别进行操作。

如果你看看get_category_template() 它不查找层次结构。

您可以使用category_template 过滤器（从动态命名{$type}_template 根据需要调整选择。

作为对@Rarst sugestion的补充，我需要该函数来使用顶级父模板。

function new_subcategory_hierarchy() { 
    $category = get_queried_object();
    $parent_id = $category->category_parent;

    // Create replacement $templates array
    $templates = array();

    if ( $parent_id == 0 ) {
        // Use default values from get_category_template()
        $templates[] = "category-{$category->slug}.php";
        $templates[] = "category-{$category->term_id}.php";
        $templates[] = \'category.php\';     
    } else {
        // Start from the current term
        $parent = get_category($parent_id);

        // Climb up the hierarchy until we reach a term with parent = \'0\'
        while($parent->parent != \'0\'){
           $term_id = $parent->parent;
           $parent  = get_term_by( \'id\', $term_id, $category->taxonomy);
        }

       // Current first
       $templates[] = "category-{$category->slug}.php";
       $templates[] = "category-{$category->term_id}.php";

       // Parent second
       $templates[] = "category-{$parent->slug}.php";
       $templates[] = "category-{$parent->term_id}.php";
       $templates[] = \'category.php\'; 
  }
  return locate_template( $templates );
}                
add_filter( \'category_template\', \'new_subcategory_hierarchy\' );