我会这样做：

$excluded_posts = array();

// select first 3 featured posts ordered by date

$args = array (
    \'post_type\'              => array( \'post\' ),
    \'category_name\'          => \'featured\',
    \'posts_per_page\'         => \'3\',
    \'order\'                  => \'DESC\',
    \'orderby\'                => \'date\',
    \'ignore_sticky_posts\'    => true, // or maybe not?
);

$query = new WP_Query( $args );

while ( $query->have_posts() ) { $query->the_post();
    $excluded_posts[] = get_the_ID();
}

wp_reset_postdata();

// select first 3 news ordered by date

$args[\'category_name\'] = \'news\';

$query = new WP_Query( $args );

while ( $query->have_posts() ) { $query->the_post();
    $excluded_posts[] = get_the_ID();
}

wp_reset_postdata();

$args = array (
    \'post__not_in\'              => $excluded_posts,
    \'ignore_sticky_posts\'       => true,
);

$query = new WP_Query( $args );

while ( $query->have_posts() ) { $query->the_post();
    // finally loop with last 10 without last 3 news and featured posts
}

wp_reset_postdata();