您可以使用has_password 的参数WP_Query.

下面是一个示例，您可以在edit.php 帖子类型的屏幕：

/**
 * Hide password protected posts, for non-admins, in the case of \'edit-post\' screen id
 *
 * @link http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/a/200426/26350
 */
add_action( \'pre_get_posts\', function( \\WP_Query $q )
{
    $screen = get_current_screen();

    if(    is_admin() 
        && ! current_user_can( \'manage_options\' ) 
        && is_a( $screen, \'\\WP_Screen\' ) 
        && \'edit-post\' === $screen->id
    )
        $q->set( \'has_password\', false );
} );

希望您可以根据自己的需要进行调整。

附言：有一个get_current_screen_id() 函数，类似于get_current_user_id() 函数；-）

更新

/**
 * Hide password protected posts, for non-admins, in the case of \'edit-post\' screen id. 
 * Here we don\'t restrict this to the current user.
 *
 * @link http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/a/200426/26350
 */
is_admin() && add_action( \'posts_where\', function( $where, \\WP_Query $q )
{
    $screen = get_current_screen();

    if(     
           ! current_user_can( \'manage_options\' ) 
        && is_a( $screen, \'\\WP_Screen\' ) 
        && \'edit-post\' === $screen->id
    ){
        global $wpdb;
        $uid = get_current_user_id();
        $where .= $wpdb->prepare(
            " AND ( ( {$wpdb->posts}.post_password = \'\' AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_author != %d )
              OR ( {$wpdb->posts}.post_author = %d ) ) ",
            $uid,
            $uid
        );
    }
    return $where;
}, 10, 2 );

如果WP_Query 将支持field_query:

如果WP_Query 将支持field_query 输入参数，以便更轻松地使用post字段。

下面是一个示例：

add_action( \'pre_get_posts\', function( \\WP_Query $q )
{
    $screen = get_current_screen();

    if(    is_admin() 
        && ! current_user_can( \'manage_options\' ) 
        && is_a( $screen, \'\\WP_Screen\' ) 
        && \'edit-post\' === $screen->id
    )
        $q->set( \'field_query\', 
            [
                \'outer_relation\' => \'AND\',
                \'relation\'       => \'OR\',
                [ 
                    \'field\'   => \'author\',
                    \'value\'   => get_current_user_id(),
                    \'compare\' => \'=\',
                ],
                [
                    \'relation\'  => \'AND\',
                    [
                        \'field\'     => \'author\',
                        \'value\'     => get_current_user_id(),
                        \'compare\'   => \'!=\',
                    ],
                    [
                        \'field\'     => \'password\',
                        \'value\'     => \'\',
                        \'compare\'   => \'=\',
                    ],
                ]       
            ]
        );
} );

我有这样一个插件的草稿，所以当它达到alpha阶段时，也许我会把它发布在这里；-）