感谢anmari，我的php知识水平有点高，但从另一个角度来看，我还是设法解决了这个问题。通过更改“全局$子菜单”和代码进行排序：

/**
* Makes the "All" sorting and "publish" default on edit screen for custom post types
*/

function default_post_sorting(){
        global $submenu;

        // Administrator users don\'t need this, bail out
        if( current_user_can(\'add_users\') )
        return;

        //\'publish\' default
        $submenu[\'edit.php?post_type=my_post_type\'][5][2] = \'edit.php?post_status=publish&post_type=my_post_type\';

        //\'All\' default
        $submenu[\'edit.php?post_type=my_post_type\'][5][2] = \'edit.php?post_type=my_post_type&all_posts=1\';

            }

add_action( \'admin_menu\', \'default_post_sorting\');