我终于找到了解决办法。

function checkUserPermissionsInThisScreen(){
    if (is_admin()){

        $currentUserRoles = wp_get_current_user()->roles;
        if (in_array(\'shop_manager\', $currentUserRoles)){

            $a = get_current_screen();
            if ($a->id != \'edit-shop_order\' && $a->post_type != \'shop_order\'){
                wp_die(\'you do not have needed permissions to see this page\');
            }
        }
    }
}
add_action(\'current_screen\', \'checkUserPermissionsInThisScreen\');