现在，您正在按术语执行查询，并立即显示结果。您需要的是收集每个查询的结果，对其进行排序，然后分别显示。

Make sure to read code comments.

/* $custom_terms = get_terms(\'columna\'); - this approach is depreciated */
$custom_terms = get_terms( array( 
    \'taxonomy\' => \'columna\' 
) );


// store each posts in this array along with the term information
$sorted_posts = array();

foreach ( $custom_terms as $custom_term ) {
    $args = array(
        \'post_type\' => \'post\',
        \'posts_per_page\' => 1,
        \'orderby\' => \'date\',
        \'order\' => \'DESC\',
        \'suppress_filters\' => true,
        \'tax_query\' => array(
            array(
                \'taxonomy\' => \'columna\',
                \'field\' => \'slug\',
                \'orderby\' => \'date\',
                \'order\' => \'DESC\',
                \'terms\' => $custom_term->slug
            )
        )
     );

     $posts = get_posts( $args );

     if ( ! empty( $posts ) ) {
        foreach ( $posts as $post ) {
            // storing term, post & data as an array item
            $sorted_posts[] = array(
                \'term\' => $custom_term,
                \'post\' => $post,
                \'date\' => $post->post_date
            );
        }
    }
}

/* 
 * now we will sort $sorted_posts to be displayed by date descending. 
 * note: it\'s compltely fine if you query more than one post from each term.
 */
uasort( $sorted_posts, function( $a, $b ){
    if ( $a[\'date\'] == $b[\'date\'] ) {
        return 0;
    }
    return ( $a[\'date\'] > $b[\'date\'] ) ? -1 : 1;
});


/*
 * $sorted_posts contains all of our posts in order. 
 * now we will group posts by same term
*/

$terms_posts = array();
foreach ( $sorted_posts as $sorted_post ) {
    if ( ! isset( $terms_posts[ $sorted_post[\'term\']->term_id ] ) ) {
        $terms_posts[ $sorted_post[\'term\']->term_id ] = array(
            \'term\' => $sorted_post[\'term\'],
            \'posts\' => array()
        );
    }

    $terms_posts[ $sorted_post[\'term\']->term_id ][\'posts\'][] = $sorted_post[\'post\'];
}

// just clearing array keys to be incremental. not needed, just to be organized.
$terms_posts = array_values( $terms_posts );


// make the $post variable global so that we can use setup_postdata function.
global $post;

foreach ( $terms_posts as $term_posts ) {
    echo \'<h4>\'. $term_posts[\'term\']->name.\'</h4>\';
    foreach ( $term_posts[\'posts\'] as $post ) {

        // following function has made our post object global. it makes sure get_permalink, get_title etc function refers to the current post in loop.
        setup_postdata( $post );

        echo \'<a href="\'. get_permalink() .\'">\'. get_the_title() .\'</a><br>\'. get_the_date() .\'<br>\';
    }
}

// as we had modified the global post object, we have to restore it.
wp_reset_postdata();