/**
    * Filters list of page templates for a theme.
    * @param string[]     $post_templates Array of template header names keyed by the template file name.
    * @param WP_Theme     $this           The theme object.
    * @param WP_Post|null $post           The post being edited, provided for context, or null.
    * @param string       $post_type      Post type to get the templates for.
*/

add_filter(\'theme_templates\', function($post_templates, $this, $post, $post_type){
  // Unless post is 115, filter your custom template from the dropdown.
 if(!empty($post) && $post->ID != \'150\'){
    return array_filter($post_templates, function($template_name){
        return $template_name !== \'your_template_name\';
    });
  }
  return $post_templates;
}, 20, 4);

我终于找到了一种方法，基于模板存储为数组的事实（如Himad所示），我们可以使用array\\u diff php function=>

 function n1_filter_template_pageblog($post_templates, $this, $post, $post_type) {
    $template_tofiltrate = \'Blog\';
    $postid_exception = \'115\';
    if(get_the_ID() != $postid_exception){
        return array_diff($post_templates, array($template_tofiltrate));
    }
        return $post_templates;
 }
 add_filter(\'theme_page_templates\', \'n1_filter_template_pageblog\', 10, 4);